Globalization Strategies for K-Smart Climbing Educational Content Using AR Technology: Focusing on UNESCO, YSH, GEF and IOC International Organization’s Initiatives
AR 기술을 활용한 K-스마트클라이밍 교육 콘텐츠의 세계화 방안: UNESCO, YSH, GEF, IOC 국제기구 이니셔티브를 중심으로
권석무 Kwon Seok-mu
65(2) 1-13, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.1
권석무 Kwon Seok-mu
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.1
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore and propose strategies for the globalization of K-Smart Climbing educational content utilizing augmented reality (AR) technology, by leveraging the initiatives of international organizations such as UNESCO, Yunus Sports Hub (YSH), the Global Esports Federation (GEF), and the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Literature and press releases issued by international organizations such as UNESCO, YSH, the GEF, and the IOC were collected and analyzed using literature review and content analysis methods. The conclusions were as follows: First, the main stakeholders in globalization included content development companies, international federation and national associations, universities and affiliated institutions, as well as government and local government research institutes. Second, programs in which key stakeholders could participate included enrollment as Global Impact Partners of the Global Social Impact Initiative, projects that selected from Esports for Development, and registration as Delivery Partners of Olympic Solidarity. Third, as educational content, the focus should be on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to quality education, decent work and economic growth, while globalization initiatives should be structured around Olympism365’s principles of solidarity, safeguarding, equality and inclusion, sustainability, and human rights.
Key Words
AR 기술 K-스마트클라이밍 교육, 유네스코, 유누스스포츠허브, 글로벌e스포츠연맹, 국제올림픽위원회, AR Technology K-Smart Climbing Education, UNESCO, YSH, GEF, IOC
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Changes in Body Awareness and Emotional Expression in Dance Majors: A Mixed-Data Study of an Emotion-Focused Embodiment Program
감정 중심 체현 교육프로그램이 무용 전공자의 신체 자각과 감정 표현 역량에 미치는 변화 탐색: 혼합자료 기반 프로그램 적용 연구
이가영 Lee Ga-young , 이해준 Lee Hae-jun
65(2) 15-26, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.2
이가영 Lee Ga-young , 이해준 Lee Hae-jun
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.2
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to design an ‘Emotion-Centered Embodiment Education Program’ that integrates emotional awareness, embodiment, and creative choreography for dance majors and to empirically investigate its educational effects. The participants were six university students majoring in contemporary dance, and the program was conducted over 10 sessions for three weeks. The research followed the procedures of action research and employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing the retrospective Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ), expert blind evaluations, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling to verify the program's effectiveness. The results of the study are as follows. First, after the program, the participants' levels of body awareness and emotion-body connection significantly improved statistically. Second, expert evaluations confirmed a significant increase in overall creative competence, including emotional expressiveness, emotion-movement congruity, and the depth of embodiment, thereby proving the practical efficacy of the program. Third, the results of the LDA topic modeling analysis indicated that participants experienced an expansion of emotional literacy, enabling them to verbalize subtle layers of emotion and structuralize them into movement language. In conclusion, the emotion-centered embodiment education program holds significant value as a practical pedagogical model that deeply integrates emotional awareness and artistic expressiveness for dancers.
Key Words
감정 체현, 감정 인식 능력, 창작 표현력, 신체 자각 설문(BAQ), 토픽모델링, Emotional embodiment, emotional awareness, creative expression, body awareness questionnaire(BAQ), LDA topic modeling
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The Mediating Effect of Mindset on the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Dropout Intention Among Golf Players
골프선수들이 인식하는 스트레스와 포기의도의 관계에서 마인드셋의 매개효과
조소현 Cho Sohyun , 강현우 Kang Hyunwoo , 장세용 Jang Seyong
65(2) 27-39, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.3
조소현 Cho Sohyun , 강현우 Kang Hyunwoo , 장세용 Jang Seyong
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.3
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationship between stress and dropout intention among golf players and to investigate the mediating effect of mindset in this relationship. The participants were golf players actively engaged in the metropolitan area, and a total of 305 responses were collected using convenience sampling. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0, and the mediating effect was tested using a bootstrapping procedure. The results were as follows. First, stress had a statistically significant positive effect on dropout intention among golf players. Second, stress negatively affected growth mindset and positively affected fixed mindset. Third, growth mindset significantly reduced dropout intention, whereas fixed mindset did not show a statistically significant effect on dropout intention. Fourth, growth mindset was found to partially mediate the relationship between stress and dropout intention.
Overall, these findings suggest that mindset functions as a key psychological mechanism in the process through which stress leads to dropout intention, highlighting the importance of psychological interventions aimed at promoting sustained participation among golf players.
Key Words
골프선수, 스트레스, 마인드셋, 포기의도, Golf Players, Stress, Mindset, Dropout Intention
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Effects of 8-Week Suspension Training on Spinal Sagittal Alignment, Pelvic Alignment, and Lower Extremity Alignment in Middle-Aged Obese Women
8주간의 현수운동이 중년 비만 여성의 척추 시상면 정렬과 골반 정렬 및 하지 정렬에 미치는 영향
오두환 Oh Du Hwan , 이장규 Lee Jang Kyu
65(2) 41-53, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.4
오두환 Oh Du Hwan , 이장규 Lee Jang Kyu
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.4
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week suspension training program on spinal sagittal alignment, pelvic alignment, and lower extremity alignment in middle-aged obese women. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to a suspension training group (STG; n = 12) or a weight training group (WTG; n = 12). Both groups performed resistance exercise three times per week for 60 minutes per session at a perceived exertion level of 11-13 for 8 weeks. Spinal sagittal alignment (cervical tilt, thoracic tilt, lumbar lordosis), pelvic alignment (pelvic tilt, pelvic obliquity, pelvic rotation), and lower extremity alignment (knee valgus angle, knee flexion angle) were assessed at baseline (0 week), mid-intervention (4 weeks), and post-intervention (8 weeks). Significant main effects of time were observed for cervical tilt (p = .001) and thoracic tilt (p < .001), whereas no significant changes were found in lumbar lordosis. However, no significant time × group interaction effects were identified for spinal sagittal alignment variables. Significant time × group interaction effects were observed for pelvic tilt (p = .024), pelvic obliquity (p = .019), and pelvic rotation (p < .001), indicating different patterns of change between the two exercise groups. In addition, significant main effects of time were found for right knee valgus angle (p = .036) and knee flexion angle (p = .007), although no significant interaction effects were detected.
These findings suggest that both exercise programs may contribute to improvements in certain spinal and lower extremity alignment variables, while suspension training may provide greater benefits for pelvic alignment in middle-aged obese women.
Key Words
현수운동, 중년 비만 여성, 척추 시상면 정렬, 골반 정렬, 하지 정렬, suspension training, obesity, spinal sagittal alignment, pelvic alignment, lower extremity alignment
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The Effect of Product Type of Professional Baseball Team Merchandise on Purchase Intention: The Moderating Roles of Message Framing and Gender
프로야구 구단 굿즈의 제품 유형이 구매의도에 미치는 영향: 메시지 프레이밍 및 성별의 조절효과
양민지 Yang Min-ji , 한진욱 Han Jin-wook , 전중건 Chun Chung Kun
65(2) 55-73, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.5
양민지 Yang Min-ji , 한진욱 Han Jin-wook , 전중건 Chun Chung Kun
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.5
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of product type of professional baseball team merchandise on purchase intention and to investigate the moderating roles of message framing and gender. To achieve this purpose, an experimental study employing a 2 product type(utilitarian vs. hedonic)×2 message framing(positive vs. negative)×2 gender(male vs. female) factorial design was conducted. An online survey was administered to professional baseball fans with experience purchasing team merchandise and using SNS, and a total of 160 responses were used for the final analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, including frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. First, purchase intention was significantly higher for utilitarian merchandise than for hedonic merchandise. Second, the moderating effect of message framing on the relationship between product type and purchase intention was statistically significant only for utilitarian products. Third, no moderating effect of gender was found in the relationship between product type and purchase intention. This study provides empirical evidence on the combined effects of product type and message strategy in the professional baseball merchandise market and offers foundational insights for developing effective merchandise planning and marketing strategies for professional baseball teams.
Key Words
프로야구, 굿즈, 제품 유형, 구매의도, 메시지 프레이밍, 성별, Professional baseball, Goods, Product type, Purchase intention, Message framing, Gender
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An Analysis of Draft Selection Factors for High School Baseball Players Using Logistic Regression
로지스틱 회귀분석을 활용한 고교 야구선수의 드래프트 지명 요인 분석
김경민 Kim Kyongmin , 한진욱 Han Jin-wook , 오승욱 Oh Seung Wook
65(2) 75-88, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.6
김경민 Kim Kyongmin , 한진욱 Han Jin-wook , 오승욱 Oh Seung Wook
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.6
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to empirically identify the key performance factors influencing high school baseball players' selection in the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) rookie draft. Career performance statistics and physical data of all senior-year high school baseball players registered with the Korea Baseball Softball Association (KBSA) from 2022 to 2025 were collected from the KBSA website, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the key performance factors affecting draft selection. The findings are as follows. First, for batters, height, home runs, doubles, stolen bases, and intentional walks had positive effects on draft selection, while strikeouts had a negative effect. Second, position-specific analysis revealed that stolen bases and height were the primary factors for infielders, runs and home runs for outfielders, and height, home runs, and walks for catchers. Third, for pitchers, strikeouts and height had positive effects, while earned runs had a negative effect on draft selection. Based on these findings, practical implications and recommendations are presented.
Key Words
고교야구, KBO 신인 드래프트, 로지스틱 회귀분석, 지명 요인, 선수 평가, High school baseball, KBO rookie draft, Logistic regression, Draft selection factors, Player evaluation
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Strategies to Improve the Sports Instructor Qualification System for National Health Promotion: An Empirical Analysis of Written Examination Subjects for Sports-for-All Instructors and Fitness Job Requirements
국민건강증진을 위한 체육지도자 자격제도 개선방안: 생활스포츠지도사 필기시험 과목과 피트니스 직무 요구의 실증적 분석
김성언 Kim Seong-eon , 김동진 Kim Dong-jin , 박주형 Park Ju-hyoung , 신민철 Shin Min-chul
65(2) 89-100, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.7
김성언 Kim Seong-eon , 김동진 Kim Dong-jin , 박주형 Park Ju-hyoung , 신민철 Shin Min-chul
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.7
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the alignment between the written examination subject structure of the Sports Instructor Certification System and practical job demands in the fitness industry, and to propose directions for certification reform. Participants were 587 sports instructors who obtained the Level 2 Sports Instructor certification after 2015 and were currently working in fitness-related fields. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, McNemar tests, mean difference analyses, and logistic regression. The results showed that the practical satisfaction scale demonstrated adequate reliability and construct validity (Cronbach’s α = .86). Significant discrepancies were found between the subjects actually selected in the written examination and those perceived as essential for practical performance in the fitness field. In particular, exercise physiology and biomechanics were strongly recognized as essential subjects in practice but were relatively avoided in examination selection. Differences in practical satisfaction were also observed according to gender and educational background. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed that practical satisfaction and perceived discrepancies between examination subjects and job requirements significantly predicted support for specialized fitness certifications or differentiated certification tracks, while employment type and years of field experience also showed partial significant associations. These findings suggest that the current Sports Instructor Certification System does not sufficiently reflect the practical demands of the fitness industry and highlight the need to restructure examination subjects and develop practice-oriented certification pathways. This study provides empirical evidence to inform future policy discussions on improving sports instructor training and certification systems for public health promotion.
Key Words
생활스포츠지도사, 체육지도자 자격제도, 필기시험 과목, 피트니스 산업, 실무만족도, Sports Instructor Certification, Sports Instructor Certification System, Examination Subjects, Fitness Industry, Practical Satisfaction
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The Impact of Baseball Stadiums’ Experienscape on Positive Emotions, Sense of Coherence, Stress Reduction, and Life Satisfaction
야구장의 경험환경(Experienscape)이 긍정적 감정, SOC(자기통합감), 스트레스 해소, 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향
이지원 Lee Jiwon , 강준혁 Kang Jun Hyeok , 이준성 Lee Joon Sung
65(2) 101-127, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.8
이지원 Lee Jiwon , 강준혁 Kang Jun Hyeok , 이준성 Lee Joon Sung
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.8
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine how sport spectating experiences influence individuals’ positive emotions and psychological recovery, and to determine whether these effects extend to life satisfaction. An online survey was conducted via Qualtrics targeting spectators who visited Korean professional baseball games in 2024 and 2025. A total of 345 valid cases were used for analysis. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed using SPSS 29.0 and AMOS 22.0. In addition, serial multiple mediation analysis was conducted using Process Macro. The results are as follows. Among the sub-dimensions of the baseball stadiums’ experienscape, the sensory and cultural factors positively influenced positive emotions, while the social factor positively influenced stress reduction. Positive emotions did not directly enhance life satisfaction while suppressing life satisfaction. SOC positively influenced both stress reduction and life satisfaction, and stress reduction also positively affected life satisfaction. Moreover, the mediation analysis showed that positive emotions indirectly enhanced life satisfaction through SOC and stress reduction. This study offers theoretical and practical implications for the design and management of sport spectating environments and for fostering spectators’ emotional recovery.
Key Words
야구장, 경험환경, 건강생성론, 자기통합감, 삶의 만족도, Baseball Stadium, Experienscape, Salutogenesis, Sense of Coherence, Life Satisfaction
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Exploring Improvement Strategies for Elite Tennis Player Development System in South Korea Through Grounded Theory
근거이론을 통한 국내 엘리트 테니스 선수 육성 체계의 개선방안 모색
안신영 Ahn Shin Yeong , 남궁진 Namkung Jin , 이준성 Lee Joon Sung
65(2) 129-156, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.9
안신영 Ahn Shin Yeong , 남궁진 Namkung Jin , 이준성 Lee Joon Sung
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.9
Abstract
The This study aims to diagnose the structural problems facing the elite tennis player development system in South Korea and propose improvement directions for establishing sustainable growth pathways through grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 participants, including association officials, coaches, and current and former players affiliated with the Korea Tennis Association, from February 9 to October 9, 2025. Based on the collected data, a field-based paradigm model was developed, and the research findings are as follows. First, through open coding analysis, a total of 96 concepts were derived and systematized into 23 subcategories and 6 upper categories. Second, axial coding analysis identified “structural collapse and trust erosion in the elite player development system” as the central phenomenon and structured the relationships among causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, action/interaction strategies, and consequences. Third, selective coding derived the core category “Reconstructing elite tennis player development pathways amid administrative centralization and structural disconnection” and presented the procedural flow of system transformation through the storyline. This study holds significance in that it theorizes the elite tennis development system as a reconstructable structure rather than a collapsed system, thereby providing field-applicable practical strategies.
Key Words
대한테니스협회(KTA), 선수 육성 체계, 개선방안, 근거이론, Korea Tennis Association, Athlete development system, Improvement strategies, Grounded theory
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Verification of Goodness-of-Fit of a Digital Health Literacy Measurement Scale for Older Adults
고령자를 위한 디지털 헬스 리터러시 측정척도의 적합도 검증
이소윤 Lee So-yoon
65(2) 157-170, 2026
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.10
이소윤 Lee So-yoon
DOI:10.23949/kjpe.2026.3.65.2.10
Abstract
This study examined the validity and reliability of a digital health literacy scale for older adults using the Rasch model. To this end, data were collected from 236 adults aged 60 years or older who participated in lifelong education programs at senior welfare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province and used the Internet to obtain health information. Based on the analysis results, the following conclusions were derived. First, the category functioning analysis revealed that the original 4-point rating scale did not meet the step calibration criteria, whereas the reconstructed 3-point scale was statistically appropriate in terms of frequency, mean measures, outfit statistics, and step calibrations. Second, dimensionality testing confirmed that the scale met the unidimensionality assumption, indicating that digital health literacy could be interpreted as a single latent trait. Third, item difficulty and fit analysis showed that Items 2 and 9 did not satisfy the fit criteria, suggesting the need for removal or revision. Fourth, DIF analysis identified gender-related differential item functioning in Items 6 and 11, indicating the necessity of item adjustments to ensure measurement fairness across gender groups. Fifth, the reliability analysis of the final 8-item scale demonstrated that both person and item reliability indices satisfied the acceptable criteria, confirming that the scale can reliably measure digital health literacy among older adults.
Key Words
고령자, 디지털 헬스 리터러시, 적합도, 라쉬 평정척도, Older adults, Digital health literacy, Goodness-of-fit, Rasch rating scale model
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